On the 8th of May, 2019, in the case “Kalanik, T.  s/entorpecimiento de servicios, (CAU N° 29155/16), in proceedings before the No. 13 National Criminal Court of Preliminary Investigation, the complaint that accused Uber of obstruction of traffic, unlawful association, instigation of criminal offences, unfair competition, and disobedience was dismissed. The Court held that Uber provides a lawful, commercial activity, which does not constitute an unlawful association, and that offering passenger transportation without official authorization does not amount to a criminal offence under the Penal Code.